Tagetes erecta is an annual flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, widely cultivated for ornamental, culinary, and industrial purposes. Commonly known as African marigold or Aztec marigold, it is native to Mexico and Central America but is now grown globally in tropical and subtropical regions. The genus name Tagetes derives from Tages, an Etruscan mythological figure associated with wisdom and prophecy, while the species epithet erecta is Latin for “upright,” describing the plant’s tall, erect growth habit. Despite the common name “African marigold,” the species is indigenous to the Americas and was introduced to other continents following early modern plant exchanges.

The plant produces large, brightly colored inflorescences ranging from yellow to deep orange. Historically, Tagetes erecta held ritual and ceremonial significance in Mesoamerican cultures and remains culturally important in Mexico, particularly in Day of the Dead observances. It is also cultivated extensively as a companion plant due to its strong scent and production of bioactive compounds that deter certain pests. As a food source, Tagetes erecta is valued primarily for its pigments rather than as an edible plant. The petals are used as natural colorants in foods and beverages and are processed industrially to extract carotenoids, particularly lutein. Lutein extracted from Tagetes erecta is widely used as a dietary supplement and as a feed additive in poultry production to enhance egg yolk and skin coloration.

Bioactive compounds present in Tagetes erecta include lutein, zeaxanthin, quercetagetin, limonen and various thiophenes and ocimenes. Lutein and zeaxanthin are xanthophyll carotenoids associated with ocular health, particularly in the protection of the macula from oxidative damage. Some thiophene derivatives exhibit antimicrobial and insecticidal activity, contributing to the plant’s ecological defense. While the petals are generally regarded as safe when used as colorants, concentrated extracts should be used appropriately due to the biological activity of certain secondary metabolites.